Europe

This page includes a list of national statistics, and resources for each nation. There is a lot of good information, so you'll have to scroll down for it.

EUROPE: NATIONAL STATISTICS

This is a list of European nations according 2050 population size. The nations hightlighted in blue are nations belonging to the G8 or G20.

1 - United Kingdom: G8 (Northern Europe)

Population: 2000/58,907,000 - 2050/72,365,000 (25 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 59.7% Evangelical: 8.8%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.7 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/37.7 - 2050/42.5Life expectancy: 78 years (men), 82 years (women) (UN)
GNI per capita: US $41,520 (World Bank, 2009)

2 - Germany: G8 (Western Europe)

Population: 2010/82,075,000 - 2050/70,504,000 (26 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 64.3%  Evangelical: 2.1%
Life expectancy: 78 years (men), 83 years (women) (UN)
GNI per capita: US $42,560 (World Bank, 2009)
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.35 - 2050/1.69
Median Age: 2000/40 - 2050/51.7

3 - France: G8 (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/59,128,000 - 2050/67,668,000 (27 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 61.1%  Evangelical: 1.0%
Life expectancy: 79 years (men), 85 years (women) (UN)
GNI per capita: US $42,680 (World Bank, 2009)
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.88 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/37.7 - 2050/44.8

4 - Italy: G8 (Southern Europe)

Population: 2000/57,116,000 - 2050/57,066,000 (32 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 82.4%  Evangelical: 1.16.9%%
Roman Catholic
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.26 - 2050/1.74
Median Age: 2000/40.3 - 2050/50.2

5 - Spain (Southern Europe)

Population: 2000/40,264,000 - 2050/51,260,000 (35 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 77.1%  Evangelical: 1.0
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.29 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/37.6 - 2050/48.2

6 - Poland (Eastern Europe)

Population: 2000/38,433,000 - 2050/32,013,000 (57 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 89.6%  Evangelical: 0.3%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.25 - 2050/1.64
Median Age: 2000/35.3 - 2050/51

7 - Netherlands (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/15,915,000 - 2050/17,399,000 (75 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 46.6% Evangelical: 4.3%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.73 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/37.5 - 2050/44.6

8 - Romania (Eastern Europe)

Population: 2000/22,138,000 - 2050/17,279,000
Christian 97%, Evangelical 5.4%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.29 - 2050/1.7
Median Age: 2000/34.7 - 2050/49.5

9 - Belgium (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/10,193,000 - 2050/11,493,000 (86 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 62.7%  Evangelical: 1.2%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.64 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/39.1 - 2050/44.7

10 - Greece (Southern Europe)

Population: 2000/10,942,000 - 2050/10,939,000 (88 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 91.5%  Evangelical: 0.4%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.28 - 2050/1.76
Median Age: 2000/38.2 - 2050/49.5

11 - Sweden (Northern Europe)

Population: 2000/8,860,000 - 2050/10,571,000 (92 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 57.2%  Evangelical: 6.9%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.67 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/39.4 - 2050/43.2

12 - Czech Republic (Eastern Europe)

Population: 2000/10,224,000 - 2050/10,294,000 (94 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 25.9% Evangelical: 0.7%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.19 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/37.5 - 2050/46.2

13 - Portugal (Southern Europe)

Population: 2000/10,226,000 - 2050/10,015,000 (97 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 91.4%  Evangelical: 3%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.44 - 2050/1.74
Median Age: 2000/37.8 - 2050/50.4

14 - Serbia (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/10,134,000 - 2050/9,193,000 (101 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 80.4% Evangelical: 0.6%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.72 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/35.7 - 2050/44.7

15 - Hungary (Eastern Europe)

Population: 2000/10,215,000 - 2050/8,934,000 (104 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 88%  Evangelical: 2.8%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.3 - 2050/1.7
Median Age: 2000/38.5 - 2050/46.6

16 - Austria (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/8,005,000 - 2050/8,515,000 (106 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 82.6%  Evangelical: 0.5%
Roman Catholic 64.5%, Protestant 4.3%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.39 - 2050/1.76
Median Age: 2000/38.2 - 2050/48.5

17 - Switzerland (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/7,184,000 - 2050/8,514,000 (107 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 75.8%  Evangelical: 4.4%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.42 - 2050/1.83
Median Age: 2000/38.8 - 2050/44.9

18 - Ireland (Northern Europe)

Population: 2000/3,804,000 - 2050/6,295,000 (117 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 91.7% Evangelical: 3.8%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.95 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/32.5 - 2050/43.4

19 - Norway (Northern Europe)

Population: 2000/4,484,000 - 2050/5,947,000 (119 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 91.1%  Evangelical: 8.4%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.8 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/36.8 - 2050/43.7

20 - Denmark (Northern Europe)

Population: 2000/5,335,000 - 2050/5,551,000 (120 nation in 2050 population)Christian: 85.3%  Evangelical: 3.5%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.76 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/38.4 - 2050/43.6

21 - Finland (Northern Europe, Scandanavian)

Population: 2000/5,173,000 - 2050/5,445,000 (121 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 83.8%  Evangelical: 12.1%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.75 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/39.3 - 2050/44.8

22 - Bulgaria (Eastern Europe)

Populaition: 2000/8,006,000 - 2050/5,392,000 (122 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 79.9% Evangelical: 1.9%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.25 - 2050/1.84
Median Age: 2000/39.7 - 2050/49.5

23 - Slovakia (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/5,379,000 - 2050/4,917,00O (128 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 93.3% Evangelical: 1.2%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.22 - 2050/1.7
Median Age: 2000/33.9 - 2050/49.5

24 - Croatia (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/4,505,000 - 2050/3,825,000 (130 nation in 2050 population)


Christian: 92%  Evangelical: 0.4%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.36 - 2050/1.84
Median Age: 2000/39.1 - 2050/48.2

25 - Albania (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/3,068,000 - 2050/3,303,000 (136 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 30.5%  Evangelical: 0.5%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.99 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/26.9 - 2050/44.3

26 - Bosnia and Herzegovina (Sothern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/3,694,000 - 2050/3,008,000 (140 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 41%  Evangelical: 0.1%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.28 - 2050/1.59
Median Age: 2000/35.1 - 2050/52.2

27 - Lithuania (Northern Europe, Balitc)

Population: 2000/3,501,000 - 2050/2,579,000 (144 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 85.4% Evangelical: 1.1%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.28 - 2050/1.78
Median Age: 2000/35.9 - 2050/47.5

28 - Slovenia (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2010/1,985,000 - 2050/1,954,000 (148 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 54.2%  Evangelical: 0.1%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.23 - 2050/1.82
Median Age: 2000/38 - 2050/48.7

29 - Macedonia (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/2,012,000 - 2050/1,857,000 (149 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 65.5%   Evangelical: 0.2%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.56 - 2050/1.84
Median Age: 2000/32.5 - 2050/47.6

30 - Latvia (Northern Europe, Baltic)

Population: 2000/2,374,000 - 2050/1,854,000 (150 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 60% Evangelical: 7%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.25 - 2050/1.84
Median Age: 2000/38 - 2050/46.1

31 - Estonia (Northern Europe, Baltic)

Population: 2000/1,370,000 - 2050/1,233,000 (157 nation in 2050 population)
Christian: 45.3%  Evangelical: 4.9%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.39 - 2050/1.84
Median Age: 2000/37.9 - 2050/43

32 - Cyprus (Southern Europe)

Population: 2000/787,000 - 1,175,000 (159 nation in 2050 population)
Median Age: 2000/  - 2050/

33 - Luxembourg (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/437,000 - 2050/733,000
Christian 81.6%, Evangelical 0.5%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.65 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/37.2%, 2050/42.1%

34 - Montenegro (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/661,000 - 2050/618,000 (168 nation in 2050 population)
Christian 77.1%, Evangelical 0.1%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.78 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/33.4% - 2050/43.9%

35 - Malta Islands (Southern Europe)

Population: 2000/389,000 - 2050/413,000 (174 nation in 2050 population)
Christian 96.8%, Evangelical 1.3%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.45 - 2050/1.64
Median Age: 2000/36.4 - 2050/40.5

36 - Iceland (Northern Europe)

Population: 2000/281,000 - 2050/407,000 (175 nation in 2050 population)
Christian 91.7%, Evangelical 1.6%
Fertility Rate: 2000/1.99 - 2050/1.85
Median Age: 2000/32.5 - 2050/43.3

37 - Liechtenstein (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/33,000 - 2050/45,000
Christian 79.2%, Evangelical 0.5%

38 - Monaco (Western Europe)

Population: 2000/32,000 - 2050/38,000
Christian 84.8%, Evangelical 1.2%

39 - San Marino City State (Southern Europe)

Populaiton: 2000/27,000 - 2050/33,000
Christian 88.8%, Evangelical 0.1%

40 - Vatican City State (Southern Europe)

Britian (United Kingdom)

Northern Ireland (United Kingdom)

Wales (United Kingdom)

Scotland (United Kingdom
)

Isle of Man (United Kingdom)

Gibraltar (United Kingdom)

Channel Islands: Guernsey & Jersey (United Kingdom)

Sardinia and Sicily Islands (Italy)

Madeira and Azores (Portugal)

Balearic Islands - Spain

Andorra - France and Spain

Greenland (Denmark)

Faroe Islands (Denmark)

Aland Islands (Denmark)

Kosovo (Serbia)

EUROPE RESOURCES

Western Europe - Joshua Project

Europe - Al Jazeera

The Shuman Centre for European Studies - The Schuman Centre for European Studies aims to promote biblical perspectives on Europe’s past, present and future, informing effective social, cultural and spiritual engagement towards a ‘community of peoples deeply rooted in Christian basic values’.

EUROPE NEWS

Europe News - Yahoo

EUROPE DEPENDENCIES AND TERRITORIES

Northern Ireland - United Kingdom
Wales - United Kingdom
Scotland - United Kingdom

Channel Islands: Guernsey & Jersey - United Kingdom
Greenland - Denmark
Faroe Islands - Denmark
Aland Islands - Denmark
Sardinia and Sicily Islands - Italy
Balearic Islands - Spain
Gibraltar - United Kingdom
Madeira and Azores - Portugal
Andorra - France and Spain

1 - UNITED KINGDOM (Northern Europe, Eurpean Union)

Population: 2000/58,907,000 - 2050/72,365,000 (25 nation in 2050 population)
Life expectancy: 78 years (men), 82 years (women) (UN)
GNI per capita: US $41,520 (World Bank, 2009)

The United Kingdom is made up of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It has a long history as a major player in international affairs and fulfils an important role in the EU, UN and Nato. Although a major member of the EU, it isn't part of the euro zone. The twentieth century saw Britain having to redefine its place in the world. At the beginning of the century it commanded a world-wide empire as the foremost global power. Two world wars and the end of empire diminished its role, but the UK remains a major economic and military power, with considerable political and cultural influence around the world.The UK is ethnically diverse, partly as a legacy of empire. Lately, the country has been struggling with issues revolving around multiculturalism, immigration and national identity. This is against a background of concerns about terrorism and political and religious radicalism, heightened after the suicide bomb attacks on London's transport network in 2005. One of the more recent trends in migration has been the arrival of workers from the new EU member states in Eastern Europe. There were nearly 51.5 million internet users in the UK by June 2010 - more than 80% of the population (Internetworldstats). Research by Google in 2010 found that the internet accounts for 7.2% of the UK's gross domestic product (GDP). The study said Britain is the world's leading country for e-commerce. By 2009, some 44% of UK internet users had a profile on at least one social network.

United Kingdom - Google Directory

United Kingdom - Wikipedia

United Kingdom - U.S. State Department

United Kingdom - CIA World Factbook

United Kingdom - Information Please

United Kingdom - Google Images

United Kingdom - BBC Country Profiles

United Kingdom - Google News

United Kingdom - Answers.com

Birmingham Christian Centre (Birmingham. England)

2 - GERMANY - G8 (Western Europe, European Union)

Population: 2010/82,075,000 - 2050/70,504,000 (26 nation in 2050 population)
Life expectancy: 78 years (men), 83 years (women) (UN)
GNI per capita: US $42,560 (World Bank, 2009)

Germany is Europe's most industrialized and populous country. Achieving national unity later than other European nations, Germany quickly caught up economically and militarily, before defeats in World War I and II left the country shattered, facing the difficult legacy of Nazism, and divided between Europe's Cold War blocs. Germany rebounded to become the continent's economic giant, and a prime mover of European cooperation. With the end of the Cold War, the two parts of the country were once again united, but at an economic price that is still being felt. Germany, the unification of western and eastern Germany in 1989, is located in the center of Europe, and is the emerging region power of the European Union. By June 2010 nearly 80% of Germans - 65m people - were online, Internetworldstats reported.

There are now 3.6 million Muslims (Turks and Kurds number 2.5 million) from over 40 nations living in Germany. Appoximately 53 million, around 64% of Germany's 82 millon people, are categorized as Christians, with 2%, around 1.8 million, being Evangelicals. There's an increasing number of immigrant churches. However, there has been a large exodus from the traditional organized churches. The historic church is seen as being irrelevent.

Germany - Google Directory

Germany - Wikipedia

Germany - CIA World Factbook

Germany - Information Please

Germany - U.S. State Department

Germany - Google Images

Germany - Official Website

Germany - Answers.com

Germany - BBC Country Profile

Germany - World Atlas

3 - FRANCE - G8 (Western Europe, European Union)

Popualation: 2000/59,128,000 - 2050/67,668,000 (27 nation in 2050 population)
Life expectancy: 79 years (men), 85 years (women) (UN)
GNI per capita: US $42,680 (World Bank, 2009)

A key player on the world stage and a country at the political heart of Europe, France paid a high price in both economic and human terms during the two world wars. The years which followed saw protracted conflicts culminating in independence for Algeria and most other French colonies in Africa as well as decolonisation in south-east Asia. By June 2010, there were around 44.6m internet users (Internetworldstats).

France - Google Directory

France - Wikipedia

France - U.S. State Department

France - CIA World Factbook

France - Information Please

France - Google Images

France - Answers.com

France - BBC Country Profile

4 - ITALY (Southern Europe, European Union, Eurozone)

Population: 2000/57,116,000 - 2050/57,066,000 (32 nation in 2050 population)

Italy is notorious for its precarious political life and has had several dozen governments since the end of World War II.

Italy - Google Directory

Italy - Wikipedia

Italy - Google Images

Italy - U.S. State Department

Italy - BBC Country Profiles

Italy - CIA World Factbook

Italy - Informaton Please

5 - SPAIN (Southern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/40,264,000 - 2050/51,260,000 (35 nation in 2050 population)

Spain is a soveriegn nation and a member of the United Nations. It is located at the crossroads of the Atlantic and the Mediterranean, Europe and Africa, Spain's history and culture are made up of a rich mix of diverse elements. Through exploration and conquest, Spain became a world power in the 16th century, and it maintained a vast overseas empire until the early 19th century. Spain's modern history is marked by the bitterly fought Spanish Civil War of 1936-39, and the ensuing 36-year dictatorship of General Francisco Franco. After Franco's death in 1975, Spain made the transition to a democratic state and built a successful economy, with King Juan Carlos as head of state.

Spain - Google Directory

Spain - Wikipedia

Spain - Google Images

Spain - BBC Country Profile

Spain - U.S. State Department

Spain - Information Please

Spain - World Health Organization

6 - POLAND (Eastern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/38,433,000 - 2050/32,013,000 (57 nation in 2050 population)

Poland is a sovereign nation and a member of the United Nations. It is a nation with a proud cultural heritage, Poland can trace its roots back over 1,000 years. Positioned at the centre of Europe, it has known turbulent and violent times. There have been periods of independence as well as periods of domination by other countries. Several million people, half of them Jews, died in World War II.A new era began when Poland became an EU member in May 2004, five years after joining Nato and 15 years after the end of communist rule.

Poland - Google Directory

Poland - Wikipedia

Poland - CIA World Factbook

Poland - U.S. State Department

Poland - Google Images

Poland - Google News

Poland - Information Please

Poland - BBC Country Profiles

Poland - Answers

Poland - World Atlas

7 - NETHERLANDS/HOLLAND (Western Europe, European Union)

Population - 2000/15,915,000 - 2050/17,399,000 (75 nation in 2050 population)

Netherlands is a sovereign nation and a member of the United Nations. The Netherlands' name reflects its low-lying topography, with more than a quarter of its total area under sea level. Now a constitutional monarchy, the country began its independent life as a republic in the 16th century, when the foundations were laid for it to become one of the world's foremost maritime trading nations. After a longstanding policy of neutrality between Europe's great powers, the bitter experience of invasion and occupation during World War II led the Netherlands to become a leading supporter of international cooperation. Almost 20% of the total area of the Netherlands is water, and much of the land has been reclaimed from the North Sea in efforts which date back to medieval times and have spawned an extensive system of dykes. Much of the city lies at, or below, sea level. It is one of the world's most densely populated nations. As in many European countries, over-65s make up an increasing percentage of that population, leading to greater demands on the welfare system.

Netherlands - Google Directory

Netherlands - Wikipedia

Netherlands - CIA World Factbook

Netherlands - U.S. State Department

Netherlands - Google Images

Netherlands - Information Please

Netherlands - World Atlas

Netherlands - Google News

Netherlands - Answers.com

Netherlands - BBC Country Profile

8 - ROMANIA (Eastern Europe, European Union)

Population - 2000/22,138,000 - 2050/17,279,000 (76 nation in 2050 population)

Romania is a sovereign nation and a member of the United Nations. The largest of the Balkan countries, Romania has dramatic mountain scenery and a coastline on the Black Sea. It has seen numerous empires come and go from the Roman, to the Ottoman, to the Austro-Hungarian. After World War II the country was under communist rule although the leadership pursued a foreign policy independent of that of the Soviet Union.

Romania - Google Directory

Romania - Wikipedia

Romania - U.S. State Department

Romania - Google Images

Romania - BBC Country Profile

Romania - Information Please

9 - BELGIUM (Western Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/10,193,000 - 2050/11,493,000 (86 nation in 2050 population)

For such a small country, Belgium has been a major European battleground over the centuries. Occupied by Germany during World Wars I and II, it has experienced an economic boom in the last 50 years to become a model Western European liberal democracy. However, there has also been a growing divide between the mainly Dutch-speaking north and the mainly French-speaking south, with some even speculating that the country could break up. Brussels is the headquarters of the European Union and the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (Nato). Thus, it is the polyglot home of an army of international diplomats and civil servants. The country stretches from the dunes of the northern coastline through the Flemish lowlands and on to the forests of the rolling Ardennes hills in the south. Belgium reconciles regional and cultural identities in a single federal structure. The structure includes three communities - Flemish, French and German-speaking - and three regions: Flanders in the north where the official language is Dutch; Wallonia in the south where French is the official tongue and Brussels, the capital, where French and Dutch share official language status. Wallonia has a 70,000-strong German-speaking minority.

Belgium - Google Directory

Belgium - Wikipedia

Belgium - CIA World Factbook

Belgium - U.S. State Department

Belgium - Google Images

Belgium - Information Please

Belgium - BBC Country Profiles

Belgium - Google News

Belgium - Geographia

Beligum - World Atlas

Belgium - Answers.com

10 - GREECE (Southern Europe, European Union, Eurozone)

Population - 2000/10,942,000 - 2050/10,939,000 (88 nation in 2050 population)

The historical and cultural heritage of Greece continues to resonate throughout the modern Western world - in its literature, art, philosophy and politics. Situated in the far south of the Balkan peninsula, Greece combines the towering mountains of the mainland with over 1400 islands, the largest of which is Crete. Post-World War II Greece has seen rapid economic and social change. Major contributors to the economy are tourism and shipping.

Greece - Google Directory

Greece - Wikipedia

Greece - Google Images

Greece - CIA World Factbook

Greece - BBC Country Profile

Greece - U.S. State Department

Greece - Google News

Greece - World Health Organization

11 - SWEDEN (Northern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/8,860,000 - 2050/10,571,000 (92 nation in 2050 population)

Sweden's position as one of the world's most highly developed post-industrial societies looks fundamentally secure. Unemployment is low and the economy strong. Public-private partnership is at the core of "the Swedish model", which was developed by the Social Democrats, who governed for most of the last 70 years until 2006.

Sweden - Google Directory

Sweden - Wikipedia

Sweden - CIA World Factbook

Sweden - Google Images

Sweden - BBC Country Profiles

Sweden - Answers

Sweden - World Atlas

12 - CZECH REPUBLIC (Eastern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/10,224,000 - 2050/10,294,000 (94 nation in 2050 population)

Part of Czechoslovakia until the "velvet divorce" in January 1993, the Czech Republic has a robust democratic tradition, a highly-developed economy, and a rich cultural heritage. It emerged from over 40 years of Communist rule in 1990, and was the first former Eastern Bloc state to acquire the status of a developed economy. It joined the European Union in 2004. Communist rule had lasted since the late 1948, when the restored prewar democratic system was overthrown in a Soviet-backed coup. In 1989, as the curtain was coming down on communism in the Kremlin, the dissident playwright Vaclav Havel emerged as the figurehead of the country's "velvet revolution" and became the first president of post-communist Czechoslovakia.

Czech Reopublic - Google Directory

Czech Republic - Wikipedia

Czech Republic - U.S. State Department

Czech Republic - CIA World Factbook

Czech Republic - Google Images

Czech Republic - Information Please

Czech Republic - BBC Country Profile

Czech Republic - Google News

Czech Republic - World Atlas

Czech Republic - Answers

13 - PORTUGAL (Southern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/10,226,000 - 2050/10,015,000 (97 nation in 2050 population)

Portugal, a country with a rich history of seafaring and discovery, looks out from the Iberian peninsula into the Atlantic Ocean. When it handed over its last overseas territory, Macau, to Chinese administration in 1999, it brought to an end a long and sometimes turbulent era as a colonial power. The roots of that era stretch back to the 15th century when Portuguese explorers such as Vasco da Gama put to sea in search of a passage to India. By the 16th century these sailors had helped build a huge empire embracing Brazil as well as swathes of Africa and Asia. There are still some 200 million Portuguese speakers around the world today. Portugal is becoming an increasingly popular tourist destination. For almost half of the 20th century Portugal was a dictatorship in which for decades Antonio de Oliveira Salazar was the key figure. The dictatorship's stubborn refusal to relinquish its grip on the former colonies as demands for independence gained momentum there resulted in expensive wars in Africa. This period was brought to an end in 1974 in a bloodless coup, picturesquely known as the Revolution of the Carnations, which ushered in a new democracy. By the end of 1975 all of Portugal's former colonies in Africa were independent of Lisbon.

Porturgal - Google Directory

Portugal - Wikipedia

Portugal - CIA World Factbook

Portugal - U.S. State Department

Portugal - Google Images

Portugal - Information Please

Portugal - Google News

Portugal - BBC Country Profile

Portugal - Answers

14 - SERBIA (Southern Europe, Balkans, European Union)

Population: 2000/10,134,000 - 2050/9,193,000 (101 nation in 2050 population)

Serbia became a stand-alone sovereign republic in summer 2006 after Montenegro voted in a referendum for independence from the Union of Serbia and Montenegro. When the vote was followed by a formal declaration of independence by Montenegro, a special session of parliament in Belgrade declared Serbia to be the legal successor to the now defunct union of Serbia and Montenegro. Though the current Serbian government is pro-Western and sees eventual membership of the EU as being in the country's best interests, Serbia is traditionally an ally of Russia, which supported its opposition to Kosovo's independence.In 2008, Serbia-Russia ties were further strengthened by the signing of a major energy deal, and in October 2009 Russia granted Serbia a 1bn euro (£0.9bn) loan to help it cover its budget deficit after the economy was hit hard by the global downturn.

Serbia - Google Directory

Serbia - Wikipedia

Serbia - U.S. State Department

Serbia - Google News

Serbia - CIA World Factbook

Serbia - Google Images

Serbia - Information Please

Serbia - BBC Country Profile

15 - HUNGARY (Eastern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/10,215,000 - 2050/8,934,000 (104 nation in 2050 population)

Hungary traces its history back to the Magyars, an alliance of semi-nomadic tribes from southern Russia and the Black Sea coast that arrived in the region in the ninth century. After centuries as a powerful medieval kingdom, Hungary was part of the Ottoman and then Habsburg empires from the 16th century onwards, emerging as an independent country again after World War I. The Hungarian language belongs to the Finno-Ugric family and is one of the handful of languages spoken within the European Union that are not of Indo-European origin. A landlocked country, Hungary is home to Lake Balaton, the largest in central Europe, and to a large number of spa towns and hot springs.

Hungary - Google Directory

Hungary - Wikipedia

Hungary - CIA World Factbook

Hungary - U.S. State Department

Hungary - Google Images

Hungary - Google News

Hungary - BBC Country Profile

Hungary - World Atlas

16 - AUSTRIA (Western Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/8,005,000 - 2050/8,515,000 (106 nation in 2050 population)

Austria is a sovereign nation and a member of the United Nations. It is famous for its spectacular mountain scenery, Austria is no longer the dominant political force it was in Central Europe under the Habsburg dynasty which ruled until the first world war. However, its position at the geographical heart of Europe on the key Danube trade route enhances its strategic importance. After being joined to Nazi Germany from 1938-1945, Austria was occupied by the Allies, who divided up the country and the capital Vienna into separate sectors. However, the 1955 State Treaty - signed by the Allies - guaranteed Austria's unity, ensuring it did not suffer Germany's fate of being split between the Soviets and the Western Cold War blocs. In return, Austria declared permanent neutrality, to which it still adheres.The capital, Vienna, is home to key international organisations, including the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Opec, the Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries.

82.5% of Austria's population are confessing Christians, with only 0.5 being evangelicals. 64.5% are Roman Catholics and 4.3% are Protestant. The Roman Catholic, Reformed, and Lutheran churches are in decline. Almost all the church growth is occurring with evangelical/charismatic churches. It is quite possible that more Austrians are serving God outside of Austria than inside it. (Source: Operation World 2010)

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17 - SWITZERLAND (Western Europe, European Union)

Population - 2000/7,184,000 - 2050/8,514,000 (107 nation in 2050 population)

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18 - IRELAND (Northern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/3,804,000 - 2050/6,295,000 (117 nation in 2050 population)

Ireland, which is often called the Irish Republic to distinguish it from British Northern Ireland, emerged from the conflict that marked its birth as an independent state to become one of Europe's economic success stories in the final decade of the twentieth century. Long under English or British rule, Ireland lost half its population in the decades following the Great Potato Famine of the 1840s, becoming a nation of emigrants. After World War I, independence from the United Kingdom was only achieved at the price of civil war and partition. After the country joined the European Community in 1973, it was transformed from a largely agricultural society into a modern, high-technology economy.

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19 - NORWAY (Northern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/4,484,000 - 2050/5,947,000 (119 nation in 2050 population)

Europe's northernmost country, the Kingdom of Norway is famed for its mountains and spectacular fjord coastline, as well as its history as a seafaring power. It also enjoys one of the highest standards of living in the world, in large part due to the discovery in the late 1960s of offshore oil and gas deposits.

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20 - DENMARK (Northern Europe, Europen Union)

Population: 2000/5,335,000 - 2050/5,551,000 (120 nation in 2050 population)

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21 - FINLAND (Northern Europe, Scandanavian, European Union)

Population: 2000/5,173,000 - 2050/5,445,000 (121 nation in 2050 population)

Around two-thirds of Finland is covered in forest and about a tenth by water. In the far north, the sun does not set for around 10 weeks during the 'White Nights' of summer, while in winter it does not rise above the horizon for nearly eight weeks. This wild northern landscape inspired Finland's greatest composer Jean Sibelius. His work came to symbolise the country's struggle for independence in the early 20th century after centuries under the domination of its neighbours.Hundreds of years of Swedish rule were followed by a further century of Russian control. The country displays distinctive elements of past Scandinavian and Russian links in its style and culture. Independence in 1917 failed to stem the demands of Finland's giant eastern neighbour. World War II saw fierce fighting along Finland's eastern border. Finnish troops mounted a vigorous response to Soviet forces and stalled their advance, but the country was eventually forced to cede 10% of its territory and make extensive war reparation payments to the Soviets. The collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s allowed Finland to step out of the Cold War shadow. It applied for membership of the EU soon after its friendship treaty with the Soviet Union became void in 1991, becoming a full member in 1995. Finland is the only Nordic EU member to use the euro as the national currency.

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22 - BULGARIA (Eastern Europe, European Unon)

Populaition: 2000/8,006,000 - 2050/5,392,000 (122 nation in 2050 population)

Bulgaria, situated in the eastern Balkans, has been undergoing a slow and painful transition to a market economy since the end of Communist rule in 1991. A predominantly Slavic-speaking, Orthodox country long influenced by Byzantine culture, Bulgaria was part of the Ottoman Empire for 500 years before gaining its independence in the 19th century. After World War II, the country was a satellite of the Soviet Union until 1991, and is now a member country of the EU and NATO. Its transition to democracy and a market economy after the collapse of communism has not been easy and the country is striving to boost low standards of living.

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23 - SLOVAKIA (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/5,379,000 - 2050/4,917,00O (128 nation in 2050 population)

Right at the heart of Europe and with a history intertwined with that of its neighbours, Slovakia has proudly preserved its own language and distinct cultural traditions. It was part of Czechoslovakia until the "velvet divorce" in January 1993. The subsequent independence years can be divided into several chapters. The story in chapter one revolved around frosty relations with the European Union and Nato combined with rejection of economic reform. Chapter two saw a complete change of direction and moves to embrace all three, culminating in EU and Nato membership in 2004.

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24 - CROATIA (Southern Europe, Balkans, European Union)

Population: 2000/4,505,000 - 2050/3,825,000 (130 nation in 2050 population)

Croatia's declaration of independence in 1991 was followed by four years of war and the best part of a decade of authoritarian nationalism under President Franjo Tudjman. By early 2003 it had made enough progress in shaking off the legacy of those years to apply for EU membership, becoming the second former Yugoslav republic after Slovenia to do so. A country of striking natural beauty with a stunning Adriatic coastline, Croatia is again very popular as a tourist destination. Croatia's EU Accession talks were postponed because of its failure to detain Gen Ante Gotovina, wanted by the international war crimes tribunal in The Hague. Croatia later got the green light for talks to proceed in October 2005. The fugitive general was arrested in Spain shortly afterwards. The country hopes to become a member of the EU by 2011 - representing remarkable progress since the time of Tudjman's death in December 1999, when the country was in a parlous state.

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25 - ALBANIA (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/3,068,000 - 2050/3,303,000 (136 nation in 2050 population)

Albania is a small, mountainous country in the Balkan peninsula, with a long Adriatic and Ionian coastline. Along with neighbouring and mainly Albanian-inhabited Kosovo, it has a Muslim majority - a legacy of its centuries of Ottoman rule. After World War II, Albania became a Stalinist state under Enver Hoxha, and remained staunchly isolationist until its transition to democracy after 1990. The 1992 elections ended 47 years of communist rule, but the latter half of the decade saw a quick turnover of presidents and prime ministers.

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Albanian Evangelical Alliance - Member of World and Evangelical Alliances. Represents 135 Albanian churches.

26 - BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/3,694,000 - 2050/3,008,000 (140 nation in 2050 population)

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27 - LITHUANIA (Northern Europe, Baltic, European Union)

Population: 2000/3,501,000 - 2050/2,579,000 (144 nation in 2050 population)

Lithuania is the largest and most southerly of the three Baltic republics. Not much more than a decade after it regained its independence during the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1990, Lithuania was welcomed as a Nato member in late March 2004. The move came just weeks before a second historic shift for the country in establishing its place in the Western family of nations as it joined the EU in May 2004. These developments would have been extremely hard to imagine in not-so-distant Soviet times. Russia, anxious about the implications of the eastward advance of the EU and Nato to include the three Baltic republics, has a particular eye on Lithuania which has an important border with the Russian exclave of Kaliningrad.

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28 - SLOVENIA (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2010/1,985,000 - 2050/1,954,000 (148 nation in 2050 population)

Slovenia has spectacular mountains, thick forests and a short Adriatic coastline, Slovenia also enjoys substantial economic and political stability. It was the only one of the former Yugoslav republics to be in the first wave of candidates for membership of the European Union. It joined in May 2004. Just a couple of months before EU entry, Slovenia became a member of Nato. Unlike Croatia or Bosnia-Hercegovina, Slovenia's independence from Yugoslavia was relatively bloodless.

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29 - MACEDONIA (Southern Europe, Balkans)

Population: 2000/2,012,000 - 2050/1,857,000 (149 nation in 2050 population)

Macedonia was spared the inter-ethnic violence that raged elsewhere in the Balkans following the break-up of Yugoslavia in the early 1990s but it came close to civil war a decade after independence. Rebels staged an uprising in early 2001, demanding greater rights for the ethnic Albanian minority. The conflict created a wave of refugees and the rebels made territorial gains.

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30 - LATVIA (Northern Europe, Baltic)

Population: 2000/2,374,000 - 2050/1,854,000 (150 nation in 2050 population)

Latvia is situated in north-eastern Europe with a coastline along the Baltic Sea, Latvia is geographically the middle of the three former Soviet Baltic republics. It has language links with Lithuania to the south and historical and ecumenical ties with Estonia to the north. Not much more than a decade after it declared independence following the collapse of the USSR, Latvia was welcomed as an EU member in May 2004.

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31 - ESTONIA (Northern Europe, Baltic)

Population: 2000/1,370,000 - 2050/1,233,000 (157 nation in 2050 population)

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32 - CYPRUS ISLAND (Southern Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/787,000 - 1,175,000 (159 nation in 2050 population)

By legend the birthplace of the ancient Greek goddess of love Aphrodite, Cyprus's modern history has, in contrast, been dominated by enmity between its Greek and Turkish inhabitants. Cyprus has been divided since 1974 when Turkey invaded the north in response to a military coup on the island which was backed by the Athens government. In 1974 the island was effectively partitioned with the northern third inhabited by Turkish Cypriots and the southern two-thirds by Greek Cypriots. A "Green Line" - dividing the two parts from Morphou through Nicosia to Famagusta - is patrolled by United Nations troops.

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33 - LUXEMBOURG (Western Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/437,000 - 2050/733,000 (164 nation in 2050 population)

The Grand Duchy of Luxembourg - a small country landlocked by Belgium, France and Germany - is a prominent financial centre. With roots stretching back to the 10th century, Luxembourg's history is closely intertwined with that of its more powerful neighbours, especially Germany. Many of its inhabitants are trilingual in French, German and Luxembourgish - a dialect of German. Luxembourg was occupied by Germany during both World Wars. Luxembourg became a founder member of a customs union with Belgium and the Netherlands in 1948, and of the European Economic Community, a forerunner of the European Union, in 1957. Around one-third of Luxembourg's population are foreigners.

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34 - MONTENEGRO (Southern Europem Balkans, European Union)

Population: 2000/661,000 - 2050/618,000 (168 nation in 2050 population)

Montenegro became a sovereign nation after just over 55% of the population opted for independence in a May 2006 referendum. The vote ended the former Union of Serbia and Montenegro - itself created only three years earlier out of the remnant of the former Yugoslavia.Montenegro, which means "Black Mountain", borders Croatia, Bosnia, Serbia, Serbia's breakaway province of Kosovo and Albania. About half of it is covered in thick forest. The tiny republic encompasses an Adriatic coastline, lowlands and high mountain ranges. The Tara River canyon is the deepest and longest in Europe.There were fears that the 2006 independence vote could lead to unrest in the areas of Montenegro where ethnic Serbs, who make up roughly a third of the population, formed the majority and strongly opposed separation from Serbia. There was backing for independence from most ethnic Montenegrins and ethnic Albanians living in Montenegro. Montenegro officially applied to join the European Union December 15, 2008.

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35 - MALTA ISLANDS (Southern Europe)

Population: 2000/389,000 - 2050/413,000 (174 nation in 2050 population)

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36 - ICELAND (Northern Europe)

Population: 2000/281,000 -  2050/407,000 (175 nation in 2050 population)

Iceland is a sparsely-populated North Atlantic island. It is famous for its hot springs, geysers and active volcanoes. Lava fields cover much of the land and hot water is pumped from under the ground to supply much of the country's heating. Iceland became an independent republic in 1944 and went on to become one of the world's most prosperous economies. However, the collapse of the banking system in 2008 exposed that prosperity as having been built on a dangerously vulnerable economic model.

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37 - LIECHTENSTEIN (Western Europe, European Union)

Population - 2000/33,000 - 2050/45,000

The Principality of Liechtenstein is a tiny, landlocked country located Switzerland and Austria and with mountain slopes rising above the Rhine valley. It owes much of its wealth to its traditional status as a low tax haven, though the country has in recent years taken steps to shake off its image as a tax haven and to reposition itself as a legitimate financial centre. After a campaign which was at times bitterly divisive the people voted in March 2003 in a constitutional referendum to give Prince Hans-Adam sweeping new political powers. The outcome was decisive with just over 64% in favour of the changes. In effect, the referendum made Liechtenstein Europe's only absolute monarchy. It gave Prince Hans-Adam the power to hire and fire the government, despite publicly-expressed fears that the development could usher in dictatorship. The Roman Catholic church has traditionally had a strong role in Liechtenstein.

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38 - MONACO (Western Europe, European Union)

Population: 2000/32,000 - 2050/38,000

Monaco is the second-smallest independent state in the world. It is a playground for tourists and a haven for the wealthy, the former drawn by its climate and the beauty of its setting and the latter by its advantageous tax regime. The country - a constitutional monarchy - is surrounded on three sides by France and occupies just under two square kilometres (0.75 sq mile) of the Cote d'Azur, where the Alpes Maritimes meet the Mediterranean. Tourism drives Monaco's economy; gamblers flock to the Place du Casino in Monte-Carlo and every May the principality hosts the Monaco Grand Prix. The country is a major banking centre and closely guards the privacy of its clients. The royal dynasty, the Grimaldi family, is inseparable from Monaco's existence.

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GREENLAND (Europe, Territory of Denmark)

Greenland is the world's largest island. Formerly a province of Denmark, it gained the status of an autonomous Danish dependent territory with limited self-government as well as its own parliament in 1979. Denmark is in charge of foreign affairs and defence policy and contributes two thirds of its budget revenue, the rest coming mainly from fishing. Denmark is also Greenland's main trading partner.

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39 - SAN MARINO CITY STATE (Southern Europe)

Populaiton: 2000/27,000 - 2050/33,000

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KOSOVO (Southern Europe, Balkans, Territory of Serbia)

Kosovo is a territory of Serbia. Kosovo, an impoverished territory with a population of mainly ethnic Albanians, unilaterally declared independence from Serbia in February 2008. The territory immediately won recognition from the United States and major European Union countries. But Serbia, with the help of its big-power ally Russia, has vowed to block Kosovo from getting a United Nations seat. Kosovo has been the backdrop to a centuries-old and often-strained relationship between its Serb and ethnic Albanian inhabitants.The landlocked region is one of Europe's poorest, with more than half of its people living in poverty. Ethnic Albanians number about 2 million - about 90% of the population. Some 100,000 Serbs remain following a post-war exodus of non-Albanians. The Serbian minority live in separate areas watched over by Nato peacekeepers.

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ISLE OF MAN (Europe, Territory of United Kingdom)

VATICAN CITY STATE/HOLY SEE (Southern Europe)